OUTSIDE ASSISTANCE TO
THE INDIAN AND PAKISTANI
NUCLEAR PROGRAMSSteven Dolley
Nuclear Control Institute
June 5, 1998India
Supplier
Items
Notes
Canada Cirus research reactor
Cirus reactor fuel
CANDU reactor
heavy water plantPu used in '74 test Rajasthan-1
KotaChina heavy water
LEU fuel (post-1995)
Tarapur 1 &2France LEU fuel (1982-1994)
heavy water plant
fast breeder technologyTarapur 1 & 2
Baroda, Tuticorin
KalpakkamNorway heavy water illegal transfer Romania heavy water (Norwegian origin) illegal re-transfer Russia power reactors Koodankulam 1 & 2 Soviet Union heavy water Rajasthan reactors Switzerland heavy water plant Baroda, Tuticorin United Kingdom research reactor fuel Apsara United States heavy water
power reactors
LEU fuel for Tarapur (until 1982)
reprocessing technologyCirus research reactor
Tarapur 1 & 2
for Tarapur (until 1982)
Trombay/BARCWest Germany heavy water
heavy water plant
beryllium
furnacesillegal transfer
Nangal, Talcher
(some US-origin; illegal re-transfer)Pakistan
Supplier
Items
Notes
Belgium heavy water plant reprocessing technology
RawalpindiCanada heavy water plant
CANDU fuel fabrication plant designChina nuclear weapon design
PARR-II research reactor
Khushab reactor
fuel fabrication plant (?)
heavy water
enrichment assistance (ring magnets)
power reactors
reprocessing assistance
4th Chinese test device
Khushab
to Kanupp reactor
Kahuta
ChasmaFrance reprocessing technology and components
power reactorsSGN Netherlands centrifuge designs stolen from URENCO Switzerland enrichment technology illegal transfer United Kingdom reprocessing facility plans Rawalpindi United States research reactor PARR-I West Germany uranium conversion plant
enrichment technology
tritium
tritium purification plant
plans for tritium production reactor
furnaces
milling machines
hot isostatic presses
mass spectrometers
uranium shipping containers
aluminum for centrifugesillegal transfer
illegal transfer
illegal transfer
illegal transfer
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